Ireland

Birth in Rosscarbery, Co. Cork of Jeremiah ODonovan Rossa, one of the founders of the Fenian Brotherhood

In the tithe war, yeomen kill up to 14 people at Newtownbarry, Co. Wexford

James Clerk Maxwell, first Professor of Experimental Physics at Cambridge University, born

Arthur Kavanagh, politician and progressive landlord, is born in Borris, Co. Carlow

Arthur MacMurrough Kavanagh (25 March 1831 – 25 December 1889) was an Irish politician. His middle name is spelled MacMorrough in some contemporaneous sources.

Philip Sheridan, US Union General in the American Civil War, is born

Philip Henry Sheridan (March 6, 1831 – August 5, 1888) was a career United States Army officer and a Union general in the American Civil War.

120 police move in to Graiguenamanagh to seize cattle in payment of the tithe

The Tithe War (Irish: Cogadh na nDeachúna) was a campaign of mainly nonviolent civil disobedience, punctuated by sporadic violent episodes, in Ireland between 1830 and 1836 in reaction to the enforcement of tithes on the Roman Catholic majority for the upkeep of the established state church, the Church of Ireland. Tithes were payable in cash or kind and payment was compulsory, irrespective of an individual’s religious adherence.

Edmund Hogan, Jesuit and scholar, is born in Cork

Edmund Ignatius Hogan S.J. (23 January 1831 – 26 November 1917) was an Irish Jesuit scholar.

Daniel O’Connell is convicted of conspiracy

Daniel O’Connell, the prominent Irish political leader and campaigner for Catholic emancipation and Irish civil rights, faced various legal challenges and convictions during his activism. One of these significant events occurred in 1831 when he was convicted of conspiracy.

Justin McCarthy, politician, novelist and historian, is born in Cork

Justin McCarthy, born on November 22, 1830, in Cork City, Ireland, was a multifaceted figure who made contributions to both politics and literature. He began his career as a journalist, aged 18, in Cork. From 1853 to 1859 he was in Liverpool, on the staff of the Northern Daily Times.

Patrick Henry Jones, Union General from Co. Meath, born

Patrick Henry Jones (November 20, 1830 – July 23, 1900) was an American lawyer, public servant and Postmaster of New York City from 1869 to 1872. As Postmaster, he was responsible for overseeing postal operations and services in one of the largest and busiest cities in the United States during that period, and was appointed to the position of Postmaster of New York City by President Ulysses S. Grant in 1869.